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College of Veterinary Medicine

Publications

2025

  1. Sun, S., Tian, R., Alford, A., Yin, D. & Shi, R. An analog of phenelzine demonstrates effective acrolein scavenging and neuroprotection without monoamine oxidase inhibition in a rat SCI model Neuroscience 574 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.04.005

2024

  1. Deng, L., Luo, Q., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Xiong, Z., Wang, H., Zhao, L., Jia, L., Shi, R., Huang, C. & Chen, Z. Progressive iron overload in middle-aged mice impairs olfactory function, triggers lipid oxidation and induces apoptosis Frontiers in Pharmacology 15 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1506944
  2. Beauclair, T. B., Rogers, E. A., Martinez, J., Mufti, S. J., Krishnan, N. & Shi, R. Diffusive secondary injuries in neuronal networks following a blast impact: A morphological and electrophysiological study using a TBI-on-a-Chip model Brain Multiphysics 7 100104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brain.2024.100104
  3. Zhang, Z., Xiao, T., Hall, M. R., Crodian, J. S., Alford, A. K., Kimbrough, A. & Shi, R. Temporal differential effects of post-injury alcohol consumption in a mouse model of blast-induced traumatic brain injury Neuroscience 562 239-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.10.003
  4. Tang, J., Alford, A., Leung, G., Tully, M. & Shi, R. Neuroprotection by acrolein sequestration through exogenously applied scavengers and endogenous enzymatic enabling strategies in mouse EAE model Scientific Reports 14(1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56035-z

2023

  1. Cai, C., Luo, Q., Jia, L., Xia, Y., Lan, X., Wei, X., Shi, S., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Xiong, Z., Shi, R., Huang, C. & Chen, Z. TRIM67 Implicates in Regulating the Homeostasis and Synaptic Development of Mitral Cells in the Olfactory Bulb International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(17) 13439. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713439
  2. Kish, B., Herr, S., Yang, H. (., Sun, S., Shi, R. & Tong, Y. Whole body measurements using near-infrared spectroscopy in a rat spinal cord contusion injury model The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine 46(3) 508-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2021.1911504
  3. Xie, J., Herr, S., Ma, D., Wu, S., Zhao, H., Sun, S., Ma, Z., Chan, M. Y., Li, K., Yang, Y., Huang, F., Shi, R. & Yuan, C. Acute Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Alterations at T12 After Rat T10 Spinal Cord Contusive Injury Molecular Neurobiology 60(5) 2937-2953. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03250-w
  4. Xia, Y., Luo, Q., Huang, C., Shi, L., Jahangir, A., Pan, T., Wei, X., He, J., Liu, W., Shi, R., Geng, Y., Fang, J., Tang, L., Guo, H., Ouyang, P. & Chen, Z. Ferric citrate-induced colonic mucosal damage associated with oxidative stress, inflammation responses, apoptosis, and the changes of gut microbial composition Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 249 114364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114364
  5. Rogers, E. A., Beauclair, T., Martinez, J., Mufti, S. J., Kim, D., Sun, S., Stingel, R. L., Dieterly, A. M., Krishnan, N., Crodian, J. & Shi, R. The contribution of initial concussive forces and resulting acrolein surge to β-amyloid accumulation and functional alterations in neuronal networks using a TBI-on-a-chip model Lab on a Chip 23(15) 3388-3404. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3LC00248A
  6. Shi, R., Herr, S. & Prall, A. A perspective on recent findings and future strategies for reactive aldehyde removal in spinal cord injury Neural Regeneration Research 18(10) 2190. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.369107

2022

  1. Suresh, S., Everett, T. H., Shi, R. & Duerstock, B. S. Automatic Detection and Characterization of Autonomic Dysreflexia Using Multi-Modal Non-Invasive Sensing and Neural Networks Neurotrauma Reports 3(1) https://doi.org/10.1089/neur.2022.0041
  2. Rogers, E. A., Beauclair, T., Thyen, A. & Shi, R. Utilizing novel TBI-on-a-chip device to link physical impacts to neurodegeneration and decipher primary and secondary injury mechanisms Scientific Reports 12(1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14937-w
  3. Herr, S. A., Gardeen, S. S., Low, P. S. & Shi, R. Targeted delivery of acrolein scavenger hydralazine in spinal cord injury using folate-linker-drug conjugation Free Radical Biology and Medicine 184 66-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.003
  4. Shi, R., Herr, S., Shi, L., Gianaris, T., Jiao, Y., Sun, S., Race, N. & Shapiro, S. Critical role of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in acrolein sequestering in rat spinal cord injury Neural Regeneration Research 17(7) 1505. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.330613

2021

  1. Herr, S. A., Malek, S., Rochat, M. C., Moore, G. E., Ko, J. C. & Shi, R. Evidence of acrolein in synovial fluid of dogs with osteoarthritis as a potential inflammatory biomarker BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 22(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04762-z
  2. Shi, L., Lin, Y., Jiao, Y., Herr, S. A., Tang, J., Rogers, E., Chen, Z. & Shi, R. Acrolein scavenger dimercaprol offers neuroprotection in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease: implication of acrolein and TRPA1 Translational Neurodegeneration 10(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-021-00239-0
  3. Shen, X., Özen, A. C., Sunjar, A., Ilbey, S., Shi, R., Chiew, M. & Emir, U. Myelin Imaging Using Dual-echo 3D Ultra-short Echo Time MRI with Rosette k-Space Pattern https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.18.460869
  4. Race, N. S., Andrews, K. D., Lungwitz, E. A., Vega Alvarez, S. M., Warner, T. R., Acosta, G., Cao, J., Lu, K., Liu, Z., Dietrich, A. D., Majumdar, S., Shekhar, A., Truitt, W. A. & Shi, R. Psychosocial impairment following mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury in rats Behavioural Brain Research 412 113405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113405
  5. Eaton, M., Que, Z., Zhang, J., Beck, K., Shi, R., McDermott, J., Ladisch, M. & Yang, Y. Multi-Electrode Array of Sensory Neurons as an In Vitro Platform to Identify the Nociceptive Response to Pharmaceutical Buffer Systems of Injectable Biologics Pharmaceutical Research 38(7) 1179-1186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-021-03075-z
  6. Uzunalli, G., Herr, S., Dieterly, A. M., Shi, R. & Lyle, L. T. Structural disruption of the blood–brain barrier in repetitive primary blast injury Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 18(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-020-00231-2
  7. de Rus Jacquet, A., Ambaw, A., Tambe, M. A., Ma, S. Y., Timmers, M., Grace, M. H., Wu, Q., Simon, J. E., McCabe, G. P., Lila, M. A., Shi, R. & Rochet, J. Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson's disease models Food & Function 12(23) 11987-12007. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1FO00007A

2020

  1. Ren, Z., Qi, Y., Sun, S., Tao, Y. & Shi, R. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Hope for Spinal Cord Injury Repair Stem Cells and Development 29(23) 1467-1478. https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2020.0133
  2. Han, E. X., Fernandez, J. M., Swanberg, C., Shi, R. & Bartlett, E. L. Longitudinal Auditory Pathophysiology Following Mild Blast Induced Trauma https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.371591
  3. Nguyen, T. N., Nolan, J. K., Cheng, X., Park, H., Wang, Y., Lam, S., Lee, H., Kim, S. J., Shi, R., Chubykin, A. A. & Lee, H. Fabrication and ex vivo evaluation of activated carbon–Pt microparticle based glutamate biosensor Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 866 114136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114136
  4. Shi, L., Huang, C., Luo, Q., Xia, Y., Liu, W., Zeng, W., Cheng, A., Shi, R. & Zhengli, C. Clioquinol improves motor and non-motor deficits in MPTP-induced monkey model of Parkinson’s disease through AKT/mTOR pathway Aging 12(10) 9515-9533. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103225
  5. LaTorre, A., Kwong, M. T., García-Grajales, J. A., Shi, R., Jérusalem, A. & Peña, J. Model calibration using a parallel differential evolution algorithm in computational neuroscience: Simulation of stretch induced nerve deficit Journal of Computational Science 39 101053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2019.101053

2019

  1. Li, J. Weak direct current (DC) electric fields as a therapy for spinal cord injuries: review and advancement of the oscillating field stimulator (OFS) Neurosurgical Review 42(4) 825-834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-018-01068-y
  2. Chong, L., Tian, R., Shi, R., Ouyang, Z. & Xia, Y. Coupling the Paternò-Büchi (PB) Reaction With Mass Spectrometry to Study Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis Frontiers in Chemistry 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00807
  3. Huang, C., Ma, W., Luo, Q., Shi, L., Xia, Y., Lao, C., Liu, W., Zou, Y., Cheng, A., Shi, R. & Chen, Z. Iron overload resulting from the chronic oral administration of ferric citrate induces parkinsonism phenotypes in middle-aged mice Aging 11(21) 9846-9861. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102433
  4. Vike, N., Tang, J., Talavage, T., Shi, R. & Rispoli, J. Determination of Acrolein-Associated T1 and T2 Relaxation Times and Noninvasive Detection Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Applied Magnetic Resonance 50(11) 1291-1303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-019-01148-2
  5. Shi, L., Huang, C., Luo, Q., Rogers, E., Xia, Y., Liu, W., Ma, W., Zeng, W., Gong, L., Fang, J., Tang, L., Cheng, A., Shi, R. & Chen, Z. The Association of Iron and the Pathologies of Parkinson’s Diseases in MPTP/MPP+-Induced Neuronal Degeneration in Non-human Primates and in Cell Culture Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00215
  6. Acosta, G., Race, N., Herr, S., Fernandez, J., Tang, J., Rogers, E. & Shi, R. Acrolein-mediated alpha-synuclein pathology involvement in the early post-injury pathogenesis of mild blast-induced Parkinsonian neurodegeneration Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 98 140-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2019.06.004
  7. Nguyen, T. N., Nolan, J. K., Park, H., Lam, S., Fattah, M., Page, J. C., Joe, H., Jun, M. B., Lee, H., Kim, S. J., Shi, R. & Lee, H. Facile fabrication of flexible glutamate biosensor using direct writing of platinum nanoparticle-based nanocomposite ink Biosensors and Bioelectronics 131 257-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.051
  8. Nolan, J. K., Nguyen, T. N., Fattah, M., Page, J. C., Shi, R. & Lee, H. Ex vivo electrochemical measurement of glutamate release during spinal cord injury MethodsX 6 1894-1900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2019.08.008

2018

  1. Lin, Y., Chen, Z., Tang, J., Cao, P. & Shi, R. Acrolein Contributes to the Neuropathic Pain and Neuron Damage after Ischemic–Reperfusion Spinal Cord Injury Neuroscience 384 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.029
  2. Garcia-Gonzalez, D., Race, N. S., Voets, N. L., Jenkins, D. R., Sotiropoulos, S. N., Acosta, G., Cruz-Haces, M., Tang, J., Shi, R. & Jérusalem, A. Cognition based bTBI mechanistic criteria; a tool for preventive and therapeutic innovations Scientific Reports 8(1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28271-7
  3. Tully, M., Tang, J., Zheng, L., Acosta, G., Tian, R., Hayward, L., Race, N., Mattson, D. & Shi, R. Systemic Acrolein Elevations in Mice With Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Frontiers in Neurology 9 https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00420
  4. Tang, F., Guo, C., Ma, X., Zhang, J., Su, Y., Tian, R., Shi, R., Xia, Y., Wang, X. & Ouyang, Z. Rapid In Situ Profiling of Lipid C═C Location Isomers in Tissue Using Ambient Mass Spectrometry with Photochemical Reactions Analytical Chemistry 90(9) 5612-5619. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04675
  5. Page, J. C., Park, J., Chen, Z., Cao, P. & Shi, R. Parallel Evaluation of Two Potassium Channel Blockers in Restoring Conduction in Mechanical Spinal Cord Injury in Rat Journal of Neurotrauma 35(9) 1057-1068. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5297
  6. Ambaw, A., Zheng, L., Tambe, M. A., Strathearn, K. E., Acosta, G., Hubers, S. A., Liu, F., Herr, S. A., Tang, J., Truong, A., Walls, E., Pond, A., Rochet, J. & Shi, R. Acrolein-mediated neuronal cell death and alpha-synuclein aggregation: Implications for Parkinson's disease Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 88 70-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2018.01.006

2017

  1. Leung, G., Tully, M., Tang, J., Wu, S. & Shi, R. Elevated axonal membrane permeability and its correlation with motor deficits in an animal model of multiple sclerosis Translational Neurodegeneration 6(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-017-0075-7
  2. Cruz-Haces, M., Tang, J., Acosta, G., Fernandez, J. & Shi, R. Pathological correlations between traumatic brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases Translational Neurodegeneration 6(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-017-0088-2
  3. Xiong, Y., Page, J. C., Narayanan, N., Wang, C., Jia, Z., Yue, F., Shi, X., Jin, W., Hu, K., Deng, M., Shi, R., Shan, T., Yang, G. & Kuang, S. Peripheral Neuropathy and Hindlimb Paralysis in a Mouse Model of Adipocyte-Specific Knockout of Lkb1 EBioMedicine 24 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.017
  4. Butler, B., Acosta, G. & Shi, R. Exogenous Acrolein intensifies sensory hypersensitivity after spinal cord injury in rat Journal of the Neurological Sciences 379 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.05.039
  5. Race, N., Lai, J., Shi, R. & Bartlett, E. L. Differences in postinjury auditory system pathophysiology after mild blast and nonblast acute acoustic trauma Journal of Neurophysiology 118(2) 782-799. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00710.2016
  6. Tian, R. & Shi, R. Dimercaprol is an acrolein scavenger that mitigates acrolein‐mediated <scp>PC</scp>‐12 cells toxicity and reduces acrolein in rat following spinal cord injury Journal of Neurochemistry 141(5) 708-720. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14025
  7. Sangster, A., Zheng, L., Bentley, R., Shi, R. & Packer, R. Urinary 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA) concentrations in dogs with acute spinal cord injury due to intervertebral disc herniation The Veterinary Journal 219 12-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.016

2016

  1. Chen, Z., Park, J., Butler, B., Acosta, G., Vega‐Alvarez, S., Zheng, L., Tang, J., McCain, R., Zhang, W., Ouyang, Z., Cao, P. & Shi, R. Mitigation of sensory and motor deficits by acrolein scavenger phenelzine in a rat model of spinal cord contusive injury Journal of Neurochemistry 138(2) 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13639
  2. Connell, S., Li, J., Durkes, A., Zaroura, M. & Shi, R. Nondermal irritating hyperosmotic nanoemulsions reduce treatment times in a contamination model of wound healing Wound Repair and Regeneration 24(4) 669-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12436
  3. Gianaris, A., Liu, N., Wang, X., Oakes, E., Brenia, J., Gianaris, T., Ruan, Y., Deng, L., Goetz, M., Vega-Alvarez, S., Lu, Q., Shi, R. & Xu, X. Unilateral microinjection of acrolein into thoracic spinal cord produces acute and chronic injury and functional deficits Neuroscience 326 84-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.054
  4. Ma, X., Chong, L., Tian, R., Shi, R., Hu, T. Y., Ouyang, Z. & Xia, Y. Identification and quantitation of lipid C=C location isomers: A shotgun lipidomics approach enabled by photochemical reaction Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113(10) 2573-2578. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523356113
  5. Walls, M. K., Race, N., Zheng, L., Vega-Alvarez, S. M., Acosta, G., Park, J. & Shi, R. Structural and biochemical abnormalities in the absence of acute deficits in mild primary blast-induced head trauma Journal of Neurosurgery 124(3) 675-686. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.1.jns141571
  6. Wang, H., Zhang, Y. P., Cai, J., Shields, L. B. E., Tuchek, C. A., Shi, R., Li, J., Shields, C. B. & Xu, X. A Compact Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Model in Mice Journal of Neuropathology &amp; Experimental Neurology 75(2) 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlv019
  7. Yan, R., Page, J. C. & Shi, R. Acrolein-mediated conduction loss is partially restored by K<sup>+</sup>channel blockers Journal of Neurophysiology 115(2) 701-710. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00467.2015
  8. Shi, R. & Page, J. Potassium channel blockers restore axonal conduction in CNS trauma and disease Neural Regeneration Research 11(8) 1226. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.189172

2015

  1. Park, J., Zheng, L., Acosta, G., Vega‐Alvarez, S., Chen, Z., Muratori, B., Cao, P. & Shi, R. Acrolein contributes to <scp>TRPA</scp>1 up‐regulation in peripheral and central sensory hypersensitivity following spinal cord injury Journal of Neurochemistry 135(5) 987-997. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.13352
  2. Song, S., Race, N. S., Kim, A., Zhang, T., Shi, R. & Ziaie, B. A Wireless Intracranial Brain Deformation Sensing System for Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Scientific Reports 5(1) https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16959
  3. Chen, C., Lin, Z., Tian, R., Shi, R., Cooks, R. G. & Ouyang, Z. Real-Time Sample Analysis Using a Sampling Probe and Miniature Mass Spectrometer Analytical Chemistry 87(17) 8867-8873. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01943
  4. Shi, R., Page, J. C. & Tully, M. Molecular mechanisms of acrolein-mediated myelin destruction in CNS trauma and disease Free Radical Research 49(7) 888-895. https://doi.org/10.3109/10715762.2015.1021696
  5. White-Schenk, D., Shi, R. & Leary, J. F. Interactions of silica nanoparticles with therapeutics for oxidative stress attenuation in neurons SPIE Proceedings 9339 93390Q. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2076048
  6. Leary, J. F., White-Schenk, D. & Shi, R. Nanomedicine strategies for treatment of secondary spinal cord injury International Journal of Nanomedicine 923. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s75686

2014

  1. Tully, M., Zheng, L., Acosta, G., Tian, R. & Shi, R. Acute systemic accumulation of acrolein in mice by inhalation at a concentration similar to that in cigarette smoke Neuroscience Bulletin 30(6) 1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-014-1480-x
  2. Hendricks, B. K. & Shi, R. Mechanisms of neuronal membrane sealing following mechanical trauma Neuroscience Bulletin 30(4) 627-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-013-1446-4
  3. Tully, M., Zheng, L. & Shi, R. Acrolein detection: potential theranostic utility in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 14(6) 679-685. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.2014.918849
  4. Park, J., Zheng, L., Marquis, A., Walls, M., Duerstock, B., Pond, A., Vega‐Alvarez, S., Wang, H., Ouyang, Z. & Shi, R. Neuroprotective role of hydralazine in rat spinal cord injury‐attenuation of acrolein‐mediated damage Journal of Neurochemistry 129(2) 339-349. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12628
  5. Due, M. R., Park, J., Zheng, L., Walls, M., Allette, Y. M., White, F. A. & Shi, R. Acrolein involvement in sensory and behavioral hypersensitivity following spinal cord injury in the rat Journal of Neurochemistry 128(5) 776-786. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12500
  6. Cao, P., Zheng, Y., Zheng, T., Sun, C., Lu, J., Rickett, T. & Shi, R. A model of acute compressive spinal cord injury with a minimally invasive balloon in goats Journal of the Neurological Sciences 337(1-2) 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2013.11.024
  7. Shi, R., Park, J. & Muratori, B. Acrolein as a novel therapeutic target for motor and sensory deficits in spinal cord injury Neural Regeneration Research 9(7) 677. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.131564
  8. Chen, J. & Shi, R. Current advances in neurotrauma research: diagnosis, neuroprotection, and neurorepair Neural Regeneration Research 9(11) 1093. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.135306

2013

  1. Chen, C., Lin, Z., Garimella, S., Zheng, L., Shi, R., Cooks, R. G. & Ouyang, Z. Development of a Mass Spectrometry Sampling Probe for Chemical Analysis in Surgical and Endoscopic Procedures Analytical Chemistry 85(24) 11843-11850. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac4025279
  2. Wang, H., Ren, Y., McLuckey, M. N., Manicke, N. E., Park, J., Zheng, L., Shi, R., Cooks, R. G. & Ouyang, Z. Direct Quantitative Analysis of Nicotine Alkaloids from Biofluid Samples using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Analytical Chemistry 85(23) 11540-11544. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac402798m
  3. Ouyang, H., Nauman, E. & Shi, R. Contribution of cytoskeletal elements to the axonal mechanical properties Journal of Biological Engineering 7(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-1611-7-21
  4. Ochoa, M., Rahimi, R., Ziaie, B. & Shi, R. An impact sensing platform for spinal cord injury experiments 2013 IEEE SENSORS 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2013.6688175
  5. Tully, M. & Shi, R. New Insights in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—Role of Acrolein in Neuronal and Myelin Damage International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14(10) 20037-20047. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141020037
  6. Shi, R. Polyethylene glycol repairs membrane damage and enhances functional recovery: a tissue engineering approach to spinal cord injury Neuroscience Bulletin 29(4) 460-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-013-1364-5
  7. Zheng, L., Park, J., Walls, M., Tully, M., Jannasch, A., Cooper, B. & Shi, R. Determination of Urine 3-HPMA, a Stable Acrolein Metabolite in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury Journal of Neurotrauma 30(15) 1334-1341. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2013.2888
  8. Babbs, C. F. & Shi, R. Subtle Paranodal Injury Slows Impulse Conduction in a Mathematical Model of Myelinated Axons PLoS ONE 8(7) e67767. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067767
  9. White-Schenk, D., Shi, R. & Leary, J. F. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injury SPIE Proceedings 8587 858716. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004916
  10. Connell, S., Li, J. & Shi, R. Synergistic bactericidal activity between hyperosmotic stress and membrane-disrupting nanoemulsions Journal of Medical Microbiology 62(1) 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.047811-0

2012

  1. Amoozgar, Z., Rickett, T., Park, J., Tuchek, C., Shi, R. & Yeo, Y. Semi-interpenetrating network of polyethylene glycol and photocrosslinkable chitosan as an in-situ-forming nerve adhesive Acta Biomaterialia 8(5) 1849-1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2012.01.022
  2. Sun, W., Fu, Y., Shi, Y., Cheng, J., Cao, P. & Shi, R. Paranodal Myelin Damage after Acute Stretch in Guinea Pig Spinal Cord Journal of Neurotrauma 29(3) 611-619. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2011.2086

2011

  1. Connell, S., Ouyang, H. & Shi, R. Modeling Blast Induced Neurotrauma in Isolated Spinal Cord White Matter Journal of Medical Systems 35(5) 765-770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-010-9464-5
  2. Rickett, T., Connell, S., Bastijanic, J., Hegde, S. & Shi, R. Functional and Mechanical Evaluation of Nerve Stretch Injury Journal of Medical Systems 35(5) 787-793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-010-9468-1
  3. Shi, Y., Shi, R., Cheng, J., Zhang, D., Huff, T. B., Wang, X. & Xu, X. Longitudinal in vivo coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering imaging of demyelination and remyelination in injured spinal cord Journal of Biomedical Optics 16(10) 1. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.3641988
  4. Shi, R., Rickett, T. & Sun, W. Acrolein‐mediated injury in nervous system trauma and diseases Molecular Nutrition &amp; Food Research 55(9) 1320-1331. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201100217
  5. Connell, S., Gao, J., Chen, J. & Shi, R. Novel Model to Investigate Blast Injury in the Central Nervous System Journal of Neurotrauma 28(7) 1229-1236. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2011.1832
  6. Shi, Y., Sun, W., McBride, J. J., Cheng, J. & Shi, R. Acrolein induces myelin damage in mammalian spinal cord Journal of Neurochemistry 117(3) 554-564. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07226.x
  7. Huff, T. B., Shi, Y., Sun, W., Wu, W., Shi, R. & Cheng, J. Real-Time CARS Imaging Reveals a Calpain-Dependent Pathway for Paranodal Myelin Retraction during High-Frequency Stimulation PLoS ONE 6(3) e17176. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017176
  8. Wang, H., Manicke, N. E., Yang, Q., Zheng, L., Shi, R., Cooks, R. G. & Ouyang, Z. Direct Analysis of Biological Tissue by Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry Analytical Chemistry 83(4) 1197-1201. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac103150a
  9. Shi, R. & Sun, W. Potassium channel blockers as an effective treatment to restore impulse conduction in injured axons Neuroscience Bulletin 27(1) 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-011-1048-y
  10. Rickett, T. A., Amoozgar, Z., Tuchek, C. A., Park, J., Yeo, Y. & Shi, R. Rapidly Photo-Cross-Linkable Chitosan Hydrogel for Peripheral Neurosurgeries Biomacromolecules 12(1) 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm101004r
  11. Leung, G., Sun, W., Brookes, S., Smith, D. & Shi, R. Potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine-3-methanol, restores axonal conduction in spinal cord of an animal model of multiple sclerosis Experimental Neurology 227(1) 232-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.11.004
  12. Leung, G., Sun, W., Zheng, L., Brookes, S., Tully, M. & Shi, R. Anti-acrolein treatment improves behavioral outcome and alleviates myelin damage in experimental autoimmune enchephalomyelitis mouse Neuroscience 173 150-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.018
  13. Huang, J., Chen, J., Wang, W., Wang, Y. Y., Wang, W., Wei, Y. Y., Shi, R. Y., Kaneko, T., Li, Y. Q. & Wu, S. X. Expression Pattern of Enkephalinergic Neurons in the Developing Spinal Cord Revealed by Preproenkephalin-Green Fluorescent Protein Transgenic Mouse and Its Colocalization with GABA Immunoreactivity Cells Tissues Organs 193(6) 404-416. https://doi.org/10.1159/000321403
  14. Li, J., Kong, X., Gozani, S. N., Shi, R. & Borgens, R. B. Current-Distance Relationships for Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Localization Anesthesia &amp; Analgesia 112(1) 236-241. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3181fca16b

2010

  1. Cho, Y., Shi, R. & Ben Borgens, R. Chitosan nanoparticle-based neuronal membrane sealing and neuroprotection following acrolein-induced cell injury Journal of Biological Engineering 4(1) https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-1611-4-2
  2. Galle, B., Ouyang, H., Shi, R. & Nauman, E. A transversely isotropic constitutive model of excised guinea pig spinal cord white matter Journal of Biomechanics 43(14) 2839-2843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.06.014
  3. Ouyang, H., Sun, W., Fu, Y., Li, J., Cheng, J., Nauman, E. & Shi, R. Compression Induces Acute Demyelination and Potassium Channel Exposure in Spinal Cord Journal of Neurotrauma 27(6) 1109-1120. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2010.1271
  4. Cho, Y., Shi, R., Ivanisevic, A. & Ben Borgens, R. Functional silica nanoparticle‐mediated neuronal membrane sealing following traumatic spinal cord injury Journal of Neuroscience Research 88(7) 1433-1444. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.22309
  5. Cho, Y., Shi, R. & Borgens, R. B. Chitosan produces potent neuroprotection and physiological recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury Journal of Experimental Biology 213(9) 1513-1520. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.035162
  6. Jabbari, E. & Khademhosseini, A. Biologically-Responsive Hybrid Biomaterials https://doi.org/10.1142/7646
  7. Li, J., Connell, S. & Shi, R. Biomimetic Architectures for Tissue Engineering Biomimetics Learning from Nature https://doi.org/10.5772/8773
  8. Shi, Y., Kim, S., Huff, T. B., Borgens, R. B., Park, K., Shi, R. & Cheng, J. Effective repair of traumatically injured spinal cord by nanoscale block copolymer micelles Nature Nanotechnology 5(1) 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.303
  9. Nehrt, A., Hamann, K., Ouyang, H. & Shi, R. Polyethylene Glycol Enhances Axolemmal Resealing following Transection in Cultured Cells and in<i>Ex Vivo</i>Spinal Cord Journal of Neurotrauma 27(1) 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2009.0993
  10. Sun, W., Smith, D., Fu, Y., Cheng, J., Bryn, S., Borgens, R. & Shi, R. Novel Potassium Channel Blocker, 4-AP-3-MeOH, Inhibits Fast Potassium Channels and Restores Axonal Conduction in Injured Guinea Pig Spinal Cord White Matter Journal of Neurophysiology 103(1) 469-478. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00154.2009

2009

  1. Hamann, K. & Shi, R. Acrolein scavenging: a potential novel mechanism of attenuating oxidative stress following spinal cord injury Journal of Neurochemistry 111(6) 1348-1356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06395.x
  2. Rickett, T., Li, J., Patel, M., Sun, W., Leung, G. & Shi, R. Ethyl‐cyanoacrylate is acutely nontoxic and provides sufficient bond strength for anastomosis of peripheral nerves Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 90A(3) 750-754. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32137
  3. Fu, Y., Sun, W., Shi, Y., Shi, R. & Cheng, J. Glutamate Excitotoxicity Inflicts Paranodal Myelin Splitting and Retraction PLoS ONE 4(8) e6705. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006705
  4. Cho, Y., Shi, R., Ivanisevic, A. & Ben Borgens, R. A mesoporous silica nanosphere-based drug delivery system using an electrically conducting polymer Nanotechnology 20(27) 275102. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/27/275102
  5. Li, J., Rickett, T. A. & Shi, R. Biomimetic Nerve Scaffolds with Aligned Intraluminal Microchannels: A “Sweet” Approach to Tissue Engineering Langmuir 25(3) 1813-1817. https://doi.org/10.1021/la803522f
  6. Sun, W., Smith, D., Bryn, S., Borgens, R. & Shi, R. N-(4-pyridyl) methyl carbamate inhibits fast potassium currents in guinea pig dorsal root ganglion cells Journal of the Neurological Sciences 277(1-2) 114-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2008.10.028
  7. Ouyang, H., Galle, B., Li, J., Nauman, E. & Shi, R. Critical roles of decompression in functional recovery of ex vivo spinal cord white matter Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 10(2) 161-170. https://doi.org/10.3171/2008.10.spi08495
  8. Connell, S., Ouyang, H. & Shi, R. Modeling Primary Blast Injury in Isolated Spinal Cord White Matter 2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305363
  9. Rickett, T., Amoozgar, Z., Sun, W., Yeo, Y. & Shi, R. A Photo-Crosslinkable Chitosan Hydrogel for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis 2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305460
  10. Rickett, T., Connell, S., Bastijanic, J. & Shi, R. Tensile Physiology: Measuring Force and Conduction in Peripheral Nerves Undergoing Controlled Stretch 2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305814
  11. Chen, H., Quick, E., Leung, G., Hamann, K., Fu, Y., Cheng, J. & Shi, R. Polyethylene Glycol Protects Injured Neuronal Mitochondria Pathobiology 76(3) 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1159/000209389

2008

  1. Li, J., McNally, H. & Shi, R. Enhanced neurite alignment on micro‐patterned poly‐<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid films Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 87A(2) 392-404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31814
  2. Hamann, K., Durkes, A., Ouyang, H., Uchida, K., Pond, A. & Shi, R. Critical role of acrolein in secondary injury following <i>ex vivo</i> spinal cord trauma Journal of Neurochemistry 107(3) 712-721. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05622.x
  3. Cho, Y., Shi, R., Borgens, R. & Ivanisevic, A. Repairing the Damaged Spinal Cord and Brain with Nanomedicine Small 4(10) 1676-1681. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200800838
  4. Cho, Y., Shi, R., Borgens, R. B. & Ivanisevic, A. Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System to Rescue Acrolein-Mediated Cell Death Nanomedicine 3(4) 507-519. https://doi.org/10.2217/17435889.3.4.507
  5. Hamann, K., Nehrt, G., Ouyang, H., Duerstock, B. & Shi, R. Hydralazine inhibits compression and acrolein‐mediated injuries in <i>ex vivo</i> spinal cord Journal of Neurochemistry 104(3) 708-718. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05002.x
  6. Ouyang, H., Galle, B., Li, J., Nauman, E. & Shi, R. Biomechanics of Spinal Cord Injury: A Multimodal Investigation Using <i>Ex Vivo</i> Guinea Pig Spinal Cord White Matter Journal of Neurotrauma 25(1) 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2007.0340

2007

  1. Fu, Y., Wang, H., Huff, T. B., Shi, R. & Cheng, J. Coherent anti‐stokes Raman scattering imaging of myelin degradation reveals a calcium‐dependent pathway in lyso‐PtdCho‐induced demyelination Journal of Neuroscience Research 85(13) 2870-2881. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21403
  2. Ninan, L., Stroshine, R., Wilker, J. & Shi, R. Adhesive strength and curing rate of marine mussel protein extracts on porcine small intestinal submucosa Acta Biomaterialia 3(5) 687-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2007.02.004
  3. Li, J. & Shi, R. Fabrication of patterned multi-walled poly-l-lactic acid conduits for nerve regeneration Journal of Neuroscience Methods 165(2) 257-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.06.006
  4. McBride, J., Smith, D., Byrn, S., Borgens, R. & Shi, R. 4-Aminopyridine derivatives enhance impulse conduction in guinea-pig spinal cord following traumatic injury Neuroscience 148(1) 44-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.05.039
  5. Luo, J. & Shi, R. Polyethylene glycol inhibits apoptotic cell death following traumatic spinal cord injury Brain Research 1155 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.091
  6. Nehrt, A., Rodgers, R., Shapiro, S., Borgens, R. & Shi, R. The critical role of voltage-dependent calcium channel in axonal repair following mechanical trauma Neuroscience 146(4) 1504-1512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.015
  7. Fu, Y., Wang, H., Shi, R. & Cheng, J. Second Harmonic and Sum Frequency Generation Imaging of Fibrous Astroglial Filaments in Ex Vivo Spinal Tissues Biophysical Journal 92(9) 3251-3259. https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.089011
  8. Liu-Snyder, P., Logan, M. P., Shi, R., Smith, D. T. & Borgens, R. B. Neuroprotection from secondary injury by polyethylene glycol requires its internalization Journal of Experimental Biology 210(8) 1455-1462. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02756
  9. Li, J. & Shi, R. Stretch-induced nerve conduction deficits in guinea pig ex vivo nerve Journal of Biomechanics 40(3) 569-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.02.009
  10. Galle, B., Ouyang, H., Shi, R. & Nauman, E. Correlations between tissue-level stresses and strains and cellular damage within the guinea pig spinal cord white matter Journal of Biomechanics 40(13) 3029-3033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.03.014

2006

  1. Ashki, N., Hayes, K. C. & Shi, R. Nitric Oxide Reversibly Impairs Axonal Conduction in Guinea Pig Spinal Cord Journal of Neurotrauma 23(12) 1779-1793. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2006.23.1779
  2. Pryor, J. & Shi, R. Electrophysiological changes in isolated spinal cord white matter in response to oxygen deprivation Spinal Cord 44(11) 653-661. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101901
  3. Davies, A. L., Hayes, K. C. & Shi, R. Recombinant Human TNF<i>α</i> Induces Concentration-Dependent and Reversible Alterations in the Electrophysiological Properties of Axons in Mammalian Spinal Cord Journal of Neurotrauma 23(8) 1261-1273. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2006.23.1261
  4. Liu‐Snyder, P., Borgens, R. B. & Shi, R. Hydralazine rescues PC12 cells from acrolein‐mediated death Journal of Neuroscience Research 84(1) 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20862
  5. Liu‐Snyder, P., McNally, H., Shi, R. & Borgens, R. B. Acrolein‐mediated mechanisms of neuronal death Journal of Neuroscience Research 84(1) 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.20863
  6. Li, J. & Shi, R. A device for the electrophysiological recording of peripheral nerves in response to stretch Journal of Neuroscience Methods 154(1-2) 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.12.007
  7. Shi, R. & Whitebone, J. Conduction Deficits and Membrane Disruption of Spinal Cord Axons as a Function of Magnitude and Rate of Strain Journal of Neurophysiology 95(6) 3384-3390. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00350.2005
  8. McBride, J. M., Smith, D. T., Byrn, S. R., Borgens, R. B. & Shi, R. Dose responses of three 4-aminopyridine derivatives on axonal conduction in spinal cord trauma European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 27(2-3) 237-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2005.10.003
  9. Fu, Y., Wang, H., Shi, R. & Cheng, J. Characterization of photodamage in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy Optics Express 14(9) 3942. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.14.003942

2005

  1. Luo, J., Robinson, J. P. & Shi, R. Acrolein-induced cell death in PC12 cells: Role of mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress Neurochemistry International 47(7) 449-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2005.07.002
  2. SMITH, D., SHI, R., BORGENS, R., MCBRIDE, J., JACKSON, K. & BYRN, S. Development of novel 4-aminopyridine derivatives as potential treatments for neurological injury and disease European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 40(9) 908-917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.04.017
  3. Wang, H., Fu, Y., Zickmund, P., Shi, R. & Cheng, J. Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Imaging of Axonal Myelin in Live Spinal Tissues Biophysical Journal 89(1) 581-591. https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.105.061911
  4. Luo, J., Uchida, K. & Shi, R. Accumulation of Acrolein–Protein Adducts after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Neurochemical Research 30(3) 291-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-005-2602-7
  5. Cole, A. & Shi, R. Prolonged focal application of polyethylene glycol induces conduction block in guinea pig spinal cord white matter Toxicology in Vitro 19(2) 215-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2004.10.007
  6. Luo, J. & Shi, R. Acrolein induces oxidative stress in brain mitochondria Neurochemistry International 46(3) 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2004.09.001
  7. Logan, M. P., Parker, S. & Shi, R. Glutathione and Ascorbic Acid Enhance Recovery of Guinea Pig Spinal Cord White Matter Following Ischemia and Acrolein Exposure Pathobiology 72(4) 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1159/000086786

2004

  1. Luo, J., Borgens, R. & Shi, R. Polyethylene Glycol Improves Function and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Synaptosomal Preparations following Spinal Cord Injury Journal of Neurotrauma 21(8) 994-1007. https://doi.org/10.1089/0897715041651097
  2. Coots, A., Shi, R. & Rosen, A. D. Effect of a 0.5-T static magnetic field on conduction in guinea pig spinal cord Journal of the Neurological Sciences 222(1-2) 55-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2004.04.010
  3. Luo, J. & Shi, R. Acrolein induces axolemmal disruption, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial impairment in spinal cord tissue Neurochemistry International 44(7) 475-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2003.09.006
  4. Luo, J. & Shi, R. Diffusive oxidative stress following acute spinal cord injury in guinea pigs and its inhibition by polyethylene glycol Neuroscience Letters 359(3) 167-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.02.027
  5. McKenzie, J. L., Waid, M. C., Shi, R. & Webster, T. J. Decreased functions of astrocytes on carbon nanofiber materials Biomaterials 25(7-8) 1309-1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.08.006
  6. Shi, R. The dynamics of axolemmal disruption in guinea pig spinal cord following compression Journal of Neurocytology 33(2) 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:neur.0000030695.76840.19

2003

  1. Peasley, M. A. & Shi, R. Ischemic insult exacerbates acrolein-induced conduction loss and axonal membrane disruption in guinea pig spinal cord white matter Journal of the Neurological Sciences 216(1) 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(03)00201-6
  2. Ninan, L. Adhesive strength of marine mussel extracts on porcine skin Biomaterials 24(22) 4091-4099. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00257-6
  3. Jensen, J. M. & Shi, R. Effects of 4-Aminopyridine on Stretched Mammalian Spinal Cord: The Role of Potassium Channels in Axonal Conduction Journal of Neurophysiology 90(4) 2334-2340. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00868.2002

2002

  1. Shi, R., Luo, J. & Peasley, M. Acrolein inflicts axonal membrane disruption and conduction loss in isolated guinea-pig spinal cord Neuroscience 115(2) 337-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00457-8
  2. Luo, J., Li, N., Robinson, J. & Shi, R. The increase of reactive oxygen species and their inhibition in an isolated guinea pig spinal cord compression model Spinal Cord 40(12) 656-665. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101363
  3. Luo, J., Li, N., Paul Robinson, J. & Shi, R. Detection of reactive oxygen species by flow cytometry after spinal cord injury Journal of Neuroscience Methods 120(1) 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0270(02)00193-0
  4. Luo, J., Borgens, R. & Shi, R. Polyethylene glycol immediately repairs neuronal membranes and inhibits free radical production after acute spinal cord injury Journal of Neurochemistry 83(2) 471-480. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01160.x
  5. Peasley, M. A. & Shi, R. Resistance of isolated mammalian spinal cord white matter to oxygen-glucose deprivation American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 283(3) C980-C989. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00591.2001
  6. Shi, R. & Pryor, J. Pathological changes of isolated spinal cord axons in response to mechanical stretch Neuroscience 110(4) 765-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00596-6
  7. McKenzie, J., Cardona, B., Shi, R. & Webster, T. Cytocompatibility of carbon nanofibers for use as a neural biomaterial Proceedings of the Second Joint 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society] [Engineering in Medicine and Biology 2119-2120 vol.3. https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2002.1053197
  8. Borgens, R. B., Shi, R. & Bohnert, D. Behavioral recovery from spinal cord injury following delayed application of polyethylene glycol Journal of Experimental Biology 205(1) 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.1.1
  9. McNally, H., Kufluoglu, H., Akin, D., Grimmer, J., Walker, J., Shi, R., Borgens, R. & Bashir, R. A Chemical Sensor Using Neurons and a 3-D Micro-fluidic Chip MRS Proceedings 741 https://doi.org/10.1557/proc-741-j11.2

2001

  1. Shi, R., Qiao, X., Emerson, N. & Malcom, A. Dimethylsulfoxide Enhances CNS Neuronal plasma membrane resealing after injury in low temperature or low calcium Journal of Neurocytology 30(9-10) 829-839. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1019645505848

2000

  1. Shi, R., Asano, T., Vining, N. C. & Blight, A. R. Control of Membrane Sealing in Injured Mammalian Spinal Cord Axons Journal of Neurophysiology 84(4) 1763-1769. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.4.1763
  2. Shi, R. & Borgens, R. B. Anatomical repair of nerve membranes in crushed mammalian spinal cord with polyethylene glycol Journal of Neurocytology 29(9) 633-643. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010879219775
  3. Shi, R. & Pryor, J. Temperature dependence of membrane sealing following transection in mammalian spinal cord axons Neuroscience 98(1) 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00096-8
  4. BORGENS, R. B. & SHI, R. Immediate recovery from spinal cord injury through molecular repair of nerve membranes with polyethylene glycol The FASEB Journal 14(1) 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.14.1.27

1999

  1. SHI, R., BORGENS, R. B. & BLIGHT, A. Functional Reconnection of Severed Mammalian Spinal Cord Axons with Polyethylene Glycol Journal of Neurotrauma 16(8) 727-738. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.1999.16.727
  2. Shi, R. & Borgens, R. B. Acute Repair of Crushed Guinea Pig Spinal Cord by Polyethylene Glycol Journal of Neurophysiology 81(5) 2406-2414. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2406

1997

  1. Shi, R., Kelly, T. M. & Blight, A. R. Conduction Block in Acute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Different Dose–Response Characteristics for Reversal by 4-Aminopyridine Experimental Neurology 148(2) 495-501. https://doi.org/10.1006/exnr.1997.6706
  2. Shi, R. & Blight, A. Differential effects of low and high concentrations of 4-aminopyridine on axonal conduction in normal and injured spinal cord Neuroscience 77(2) 553-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00477-0

1996

  1. Shi, R. & Blight, A. R. Compression injury of mammalian spinal cord in vitro and the dynamics of action potential conduction failure Journal of Neurophysiology 76(3) 1572-1580. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1572
  2. Coetzee, T., Fujita, N., Dupree, J., Shi, R., Blight, A., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, K. & Popko, B. Myelination in the Absence of Galactocerebroside and Sulfatide: Normal Structure with Abnormal Function and Regional Instability Cell 86(2) 209-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80093-8

1995

  1. Borgens, R. B. & Shi, R. Uncoupling histogenesis from morphogenesis in the vertebrate embryo by collapse of the transneural tube potential Developmental Dynamics 203(4) 456-467. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1002030408
  2. Shi, R. & Borgens, R. B. Three‐dimensional gradients of voltage during development of the nervous system as invisible coordinates for the establishment of embryonic pattern Developmental Dynamics 202(2) 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1002020202

1994

  1. Shi, R. & Borgens, R. B. Embryonic Neuroepithelial Sodium Transport, the Resulting Physiological Potential, and Cranial Development Developmental Biology 165(1) 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1994.1238
  2. Borgens, R. B., Shi, R., Mohr, T. J. & Jaeger, C. B. Mammalian Cortical Astrocytes Align Themselves in a Physiological Voltage Gradient Experimental Neurology 128(1) 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1006/exnr.1994.1111
  3. Metcalf, M. E. M., Shi, R. & Borgens, R. B. Endogenous ionic currents and voltages in amphibian embryos Journal of Experimental Zoology 268(4) 307-322. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402680407

1991

  1. Shi, R. Y. & Belardetti, F. Serotonin inhibits the peptide FMRFamide response through a cyclic AMP-independent pathway in Aplysia Journal of Neurophysiology 66(6) 1847-1857. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.6.1847

1989

  1. SHI, R., LUCAS, J. H., WOLF, A. & GROSS, G. W. Calcium Antagonists Fail to Protect Mammalian Spinal Neurons After Physical Injury Journal of Neurotrauma 6(4) 261-276. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.1989.6.261