Instructor: Bentley
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Students will be directly or indirectly involved in the evaluation, treatment and care of patients presented to the neurology/neurosurgery service. Cadaver work may supplement the clinical experience. Students will be expected to accomplish the objectives of the Neurology/Neurosurgery block and to develop greater knowledge, clinical judgment, diagnostic capabilities and neurologic examination skills that would enable them to manage more complex cases, such as intervertebral disc disease, seizures, encephalopathies and neuropathies.
Instructor: S. Thomovsky
Offered: Spring
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Students will spend the first week on the neurology service and week 2 and 3 on the physical rehabilitation service. The majority on cases will be small animal patients, but some exposure to large animal, equine and small ruminant cases may occur. Students are also expected to practice clinical and technical skills, which are required for each service.
This elective rotation provides opportunities in neurology to perform a thorough neurologic examination. Students will be directly or indirectly involved in the evaluation, treatment and care of patients presented to the neurology service. Students will participate in case rounds as least once each day, with every student researching and discussing the theoretical aspects of cases and making a formal case presentation to other students and faculty.
Students will gain hands-on experience in veterinary physical rehabilitation and be exposed to veterinary acupuncture. Students will learn how to perform a history and physical examination on patients presenting for physical rehabilitation; they will learn the pathophysiology behind how a PR plan is developed for an individual patient. The students will learn how to appropriately utilize popular, commonly used PR modalities including therapy laser, therapy ultrasound, electrostimulation equipment (TENS/NMES), land and water treadmills, physioballs and Bosu balls. They will also be exposed to common sports medicine injuries and holistic treatments including veterinary acupuncture. Under the direct supervision of a qualified team member, students will be given responsibility in the management of individual cases and in the organization of an in-hospital and at home physical rehabilitation plan.
Instructor: P. Johnson
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
This course is designed to provide an intensive 3-week experiential clinical rotation that is focused on small animal emergency and critical care. The student will participate in receiving, triaging and treating small animal emergency cases, as well as monitoring and treating critically ill small animal patients admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Rounds will be topic and case oriented.
Instructor: P. Johnson
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
This course is designed to provide an intensive 3-week experiential clinical rotation that is focused on small animal emergency and critical care. The student will participate in receiving, triaging and evaluating emergency cases as well as monitoring and treating critically ill small animal patients admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. There will be a focus on providing additional opportunities for the student to participate in and perform advanced critical care techniques.
Instructor: P. Johnson
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
A course designed to provide experience in the principles of intensive medical care and management of hospitalized small animal cases. This course will provide learning opportunities for students to practice skills and to gain experience assessing and working with hospitalized patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital wards during after-hour shifts (including evening, overnights, and weekends dependent on student numbers) while working with attending clinician(s) and nursing staff. As emergency caseload and ICU populations are unscheduled and their timing is unpredictable, there may be both in-hospital shifts as well as times that the students are on call during this rotation.
Instructor: Lescun
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
This course is designed to provide experience in the principles of intensive medical care and management of large animal emergency cases. Students will work with attending clinician(s) and nursing staff to care for the emergency and critical cases admitted to the hospital. As emergency cases are unscheduled and their timing is unpredictable, there will be both in-hospital shifts as well as times that the students are on call during this rotation.
Instructor: L. Adams
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Basic clinical experience and training in the art and science of small animal medicine.
Instructor: Risselada
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Students will be expected to participate in the Small Animal Soft Tissue service. Students will be expected to participate in the evaluation, treatment, and care of patients, learning from clinical case material, reviewing topics, and reading the surgical literature. Students will perform elective neutering procedures (when available) as the primary surgeon and assist in other surgical procedures. Students will participate in surgery rounds at least once each day, with every student researching and discussing the theoretical aspects of their cases and/or a chosen SA Soft Tissue surgery related topic
Instructor: Malek
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Students will be expected to participate in the Small Animal Orthopedic Service. Students will be expected to participate in the evaluation, treatment, and care of patients, learning from clinical case material, reviewing topics, and reading the surgical literature. Students will gain experience performing orthopedic and neurologic examinations and localizing lesions. Students will participate in surgery rounds at least once each day, with every student researching and discussing the theoretical aspects of their cases and/or a chosen SA Orthopedic surgery related topic.
Instructor: Curry
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
This is an elective block for fourth year veterinary students where students will spend two weeks performing elective surgery on shelter animals in the mobile surgery unit and one week working at an off-campus shelter. The mobile surgery unit, staffed by a DVM faculty member and a full-time RVT, will operate 3-4 days per week, estimated 12 hours per day. Students will perform independent study on the days they do not participate in mobile surgery. During the one week at the shelter, students will work approximately 50 hours, spread over 5 days of the week assisting the shelter medicine veterinarian in all aspects of shelter medicine. Due to space limitations, there will be a limit of 4 students per block, with a maximum of 3 students participating in the mobile surgery unit at any time. If there are positions available (similar to SA dentistry), a lottery system will be used to assign students to the block, based on their track. Preference would be given to student who are planning to specialize in shelter medicine.
Instructor: S. Thompson
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Training in outpatient small animal medicine, preventive medicine and client communication.
Instructor: Gomes/Ogata
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Currently the Dermatology service receives 2 days a week and the Behavior service receives 2 days a week. On the fifth business day, students will take care of follow-ups from clients as well as in-house consultations. Students are also expected to practice clinical and technical skills which are required for each service. This elective rotation provides opportunities in dermatology to perform a thorough dermatologic assessment of the patient including dermatological history and physical examination of the skin and adnexa, identification and description of skin lesions and formulation of a reasonable list of differential diagnoses. The students will be involved in performing and interpreting skin scrapings, trichogram, cytology, bacterial cultures, fungal cultures, skin biopsy, and otoscopic/video-otoscopic exam. An aptitude for diagnosing and treating a variety of dermatologic conditions. Finally, the students will have the opportunity to develop the art of client communication and client education in veterinary dermatology.
For behavior, this elective rotation provides opportunities to review basic principles of veterinary behavior. Students will review behavior evaluations and develop an understanding of common behavioral problems in companion animals. By the end of the rotation, the students will be able to identify and assess the behavioral problems, create a diagnosis and develop a treatment plan for the problems identified. Students will be encouraged to participate in the decision-making process and clinical reasoning. Under the direct supervision of a qualified team member, students will be given responsibility in the management of individual cases, including behavioral modification techniques and the application of pharmacology in managing behavioral disorders.
Instructor: Couetil
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Clinical training in problem solving of medical diseases, performance of diagnostic procedures, treatment and care of individual animals.
Instructor: N. Baird
Offered: Spring
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Students will be exposed to and responsible for case-oriented problem-solving experiences with large animal surgical diseases, including lameness. Students may have an opportunity to focus on a particular species during a portion of the basic block. The basic block will include the development of skills and capability with the principles of surgery (e.g. anesthesia, asepsis, wound healing) as applied to large animal patients.
This block experience will be directed to primary level care.
Instructor: Gillespie Harmon
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
This course is designed to provide the student learner with an interactive experience in equine ambulatory medicine. Students will gain knowledge and experience in equine internalmedicine, surgery, sports medicine, preventative medicine, emergency medicine, theriogenology, client communication, medical record keeping, and billing. Students may have the opportunity to improve skills ranging from complete physical examinations, venipuncture, dental examinations, and floating to procedures like nasogastric intubation, regional nerve blocks, and laceration repair.
Instructor: Gillespie Harmon
Offered: Spring
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisite: VCS 86700 Equine Community Practice I
This course is designed to provide the student learner with additional experience in equine ambulatory medicine. Students will gain more advanced knowledge and experience in equine internalmedicine, surgery, sports medicine, preventative medicine, emergency medicine, theriogenology, client communication, medical record keeping, and billing.This block is designed for students who envision working with horses in their future career and to provide the student learner with additional experiences to support their future endeavors. Students will start to make the transition from student to doctor for routine appointments. They should begin to drive the diagnostic and treatment plan with clinician guidance. They are also responsible for follow-up on cases with clients. Students in this course are given preference for cases (when possible) as well as preference on advanced procedures such as castration, reproductive palpations, laceration repair, and colic examinations.
Instructor: Hogan
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
A course designed to provide a full experience in the principles of cardiology and management of cases presenting to the cardiovascular service. These include cases in both the small and the large animal hospitals. Instruction will focus on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions commonly encountered in the clinical practice of cardiology. Students will learn basics of cardiac auscultation, interpreting electrocardiography, radiography, echocardiography and cardiovascular angiography and how to apply the findings of these diagnostic modalities to the treatment of cardiovascular patients.
Instructor: L. Adams
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 86100 Small Animal Medicine I
Additional clinical experience and training in the art and science of small animal medicine.
Instructor: Childress
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
This block is designed to provide maximum exposure to clinical and comparative oncology. Students will develop the skills necessary to fully evaluate and treat canine and feline cancer patients. Students will receive (2) weeks of exposure to the medical oncology clinic and (1) week of exposure to the radiation oncology clinic. Students will gain experience with various biopsy techniques and with therapeutic modalities including chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Independent study of relevant current literature is expected. The oncology student will concentrate on handling oncology patients but will have general internal medicine responsibilities during non-clinic hours.
Instructor: Childress
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Requires consent of instructor.
Prerequisites: VCS 87102 Oncology I
This elective will allow senior students the opportunity to investigate a problem in clinical oncology. The problem and method of investigation will be defined by the student and instructor. Methods of investigation available could include: 1) prospective or retrospective studies relating to the diagnosis, biological behavior and treatment of specific canine or feline neoplasms, and 2) in vitro evaluation of tumor cells (e.g. cell culture). Oncology rounds attendance and case responsibility in oncology will also be expected. The experience gained in this course may aid in preparing the student to enter graduate or residency training. An expanded course description for the specific problem to be investigated must be placed on file in the departmental office and in the office of the Associate Dean of Academic Affairs.
Instructor: Weil
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
This course will provide clinical training in anesthesiology. Students may focus on large animals, small animals or a mixture of both. The students will participate in daily rounds to discuss case work-up as well as advanced topics in anesthesia that are not covered in other courses. Topics may include mechanical ventilation, blood gas interpretation, neuromuscular blockade, and adjunctive anesthetic procedures (epidural analgesia, brachial plexus block, etc.).
Instructor: Risselada
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 86201 Small Animal Surgery General I
Students will be expected to participate in the Small Animal Soft Tissue service. Students will be expected to participate in the evaluation, treatment, and care of patients, learning from clinical case material, reviewing topics, and reading the surgical literature. Students will perform elective neutering procedures (when available) as the primary surgeon and assist in other surgical procedures. Students will participate in surgery rounds at least once each day, with every student researching and discussing the theoretical aspects of their cases and/or a chosen SA Soft Tissue surgery related topic.
Instructor: Malek
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 86202 Small Animal Surgery-Orthopedics I
Students will be expected to assume greater responsibility for evaluation, treatment and care of patients while developing greater knowledge, clinical judgment and diagnostic capabilities that enable them to manage more complex cases. Students will be expected to learn from clinical case material, reviewing topics and reading the surgical literature. Students will gain additional experience performing orthopedic examinations.
Instructor: Couetil
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 86502 Large Animal Medicine I
Advanced clinical training in problem-solving of medical diseases, performance of diagnostic procedures, treatment and care.
Instructor: N. Baird
Offered: Spring
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 86600 Large Animal Surgery I
Food Animal interest: schedule during blocks 12 - 16
Students will have advanced responsibility for large animal surgical patients. Students will be expected to conduct the appropriate pre-surgical physical examination, assist with the surgery, and be responsible for the postoperative care of most primary care level and many secondary care level patients.
Instructor: Ragland
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Advanced training and extensive experience in working with swine herds on a herd health management program.
Instructor: Funnell
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Training and experience in working with reproductive management problems in dairy and beef herds. The importance of herd records in assessing performance and health will be stressed and training provided in the use of computerized recording systems and ration formulation programs.
Instructor: Bovine Therio & Production Med II
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 87900
Advanced training in the areas of embryo transfer, embryo grading, artificial insemination, oviduct patency tests and ultrasound use in ambulatory food animal practice. Training will also focus on repeat breeder cows. Additional responsibilities will be designated in the areas of herd health, production medicine and the recognition of disease processes.
Instructor: TBD
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Training and faculty-directed independent study in cattle and small ruminant production medicine. Emphasis on health and nutritional management and application of herd recording. Students may be allowed to spend up to 5 working days off campus to work with a veterinarian engaged in practice in the student’s area of interest. This off-campus experience should enhance the student’s education by complementing experience gained on campus.
Instructor: TBD
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 88000 Ruminant Production Medicine I
Instruction and faculty-directed independent study in cattle and small ruminant production medicine. This course is intended to meet the needs of students entering food animal or mixed practice.
Instructor: TBD
Offered: Fall
Arranged. Total clinical hours 129; Cr. 3
The course is a 3-credit clinical rotation. A PVM clinician will lead this elective 3-week clinical rotation. Students will spend 3-weeks providing veterinary care to all exhibition animals at the Indiana State Fair. The veterinary services provided include health assessment during check-in, assessment of ill animals, and on-call service after business hours. The majority of cases will be swine and cattle, but can also include horses, poultry, and small ruminants.
Instructor: L. Adams
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 87100 Small Animal Medicine II
Further clinical exposure with emphasis on cases in the student's area of interest. A faculty mentor will be assigned to each student.
Instructor: Couetil
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 87502 Large Animal Medicine II
Advanced clinical training with focused interest in a specialized type of practice, in-depth training in internal medicine or participation in large animal related research activities. Students may be allowed to spend up to 3 working days off campus to work with a veterinarian engaged in practice in the student’s area of interest. This experience should enhance the student’s education by complementing experience gained on campus. The short off-campus experience should be arranged with the professor of record of the course at least 30 days prior to the beginning of the block.
Instructor: N. Baird
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 87600 Large Animal Surgery II
Food Animal interest: schedule during blocks 12 - 16
Students at this level of large animal surgery rotation will be expected to function with greater independence, carrying out the history, physical examination and postoperative care of all elective and certain emergency/intensive care patients of the species of their choice. Depending upon the capabilities and competence of the student, as determined by the surgery faculty and staff, he/she will have the opportunity to conduct supervised surgical procedures. Students may be allowed to spend up to three days off campus to work with a veterinarian engaged in practice in the student’s area of interest. This off-campus experience should enhance the student’s education by complementing experience gained on campus.
Instructor: Gudehus
Offered: Spring
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129, Cr. 3
In this 3-week rotation students will assist the staff with diagnosis and treatment of sports-related conditions including lameness diagnosis and treatment, evaluation and treatment of respiratory diseases, and diagnosis and treatment of a variety of surgical conditions such as lacerations and traumatic injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Students will assist in the advanced diagnostic imaging including nuclear imaging and CT imaging with a unit that allows horses to be imaged while standing. A dynamic endoscope is available for use on the track to evaluate upper respiratory disease while the horse is exercising. Students will perform lameness examinations under guidance of the staff clinicians and will be expected to participate in after-hours emergencies. Rounds will be held daily when horses are hospitalized. The caseload is not limited to racing Thoroughbred horses but includes a diverse population of sport horses including Standard bred racehorses, working Quarter Horses, and hunter-jumper and dressage horses.
Instructor: C. Fulkerson
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinical hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: VCS 82700 Small Animal Imaging
Clinical training and experience in radiology and ultrasound imaging as it contributes to the practice of veterinary medicine.
Instructor: W. Townsend
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Students will be given the opportunity to develop the technical skills needed to test for vision and examine each ocular structure for abnormalities. The rotation will include clinical experience and instruction in veterinary (comparative) ophthalmology with participation in the diagnosis, therapy, and management of clinical cases and various research activities. A seminar presentation and/or special project is required.
Instructor: Weisman
Offered: Spring
Arranged. Work experience; Cr. 6
A six-week or 280 contact hour work experience, under the direct supervision of a veterinarian, in a facet of veterinary medicine selected as a career goal by the student.
Students are required to spend the entire six weeks in the same work-experience. Arrangements for the externship are the responsibility of the student and the supervising veterinarian. All costs are paid by the student, but the student may receive compensation from the veterinarian. The student is enrolled in Purdue University. At the end of the externship the student completes a report with the professor of record and faculty advisor. The supervising veterinarian is asked to evaluate the student. The evaluation will be utilized to establish a grade of pass or not pass for the course.
Instructor: Weisman
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Contact hours 129; Cr. 3
This course is established to provide an individual student and individual faculty member (adjunct faculty included) the opportunity to establish a unique learning experience. Credit is assigned on the basis of 1 credit for each 43 hours of student effort. Thus, a 3-credit block requires 129 hours of student effort. The course is given a title and recorded on the student’s transcript.
Instructor: Weisman
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Contact hours 129; Cr. 3
Opportunities for as many as 60 off-campus, 3-week blocks are available for each 4th year class. Only educational experiences that have no comparable coverage in PVM curriculum will be acceptable. Credit is assigned on the basis of 1 credit for each 43 hours of student effort thus, a 3-credit block requires 129 hours of student effort. While any student may apply for one off campus block, applicants with a primary career interest that is not presently covered in the Purdue DVM Curriculum may apply for as many as four depending upon their track. Examples of such career interests may include zoo animal, non-traditional companion animals, wildlife and non-practice experiences. All proposed off-campus blocks will be evaluated for educational merit and judged on a competitive basis by the Curriculum Committee. Application for off-campus blocks will be made by each interested student using a standard format provided by the Curriculum Committee. Three off-campus experiences may be activated during each of the seventeen (17) senior year rotation times. The experience will be graded as pass-not pass by the student’s advisor after the advisor has reviewed a written evaluation of the student’s performance from the off-campus supervisor.
Instructor: Weng
Offered:
Arranged. Total clinic hours, 129; Cr 3
Topics will be covered relating to public health, epidemiology, food safety, infectious diseases, environmental health and health communication as outlined below. Visits to various agencies will complement the course material by offering inside views of the day-to-day operations of the facilities as well as the career experiences of the employees working in them. Students will also gain field experience in actual or devised research projects that will include activities such as study design, questionnaire development, collecting epidemiologic data, data input, analysis and interpretation. Students will be paired and asked to design a study using one of the discussed study designs on a topic of their choice and present them at the end of the rotation to the group. Additionally they will be asked to produce an informational brochure on a zoonotic illness of companion animals. They will also be asked to prepare a verbal presentation for elementary school children about topics relating to “Being Safe with Your Pets”, which will allow students to practice their communication skills.
Instructor: Darbyshire
Offered:
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Under the supervision of the Laboratory Animal veterinarians the students will exercise clinical diagnostic and treatment skills; assist in examining research dogs, and cats upon delivery by a vendor; assist in evaluating rodent breeding colony health surveillance reports; become familiar with federal regulations and guidelines regarding the humane care and use of laboratory animals; gain knowledge of lab animal behavior, housing, husbandry and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Students will be expected to assist with necropsies of laboratory animals and in the preparation and review of sick/dead animal reports and diagnostic reports. Students will be required to research and write one paper on some aspect of laboratory animal science.
Instructor: Sola
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged Total hours 43; Cr. 1
Students will actively participate in the diagnostic necropsy service within the ADDL. Students are expected to gain basic clinical experience and training in necropsy and diagnostic pathology as they contribute to and support the practice of veterinary medicine. Students are expected to actively assist faculty in performing necropsies, discuss pathology and histopathology of cases and submit reports of their observations.
Instructor: Hendrix
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total hours 43; Cr. 1
Senior veterinary students will gain additional training in diagnostic microbiology (bacteriology, mycology, virology and molecular diagnostics) in relation to clinical diseases. Students will actively participate in self-study and discussion of selected diagnostic microbiology cases as well as hands-on logistically approached laboratory procedures for culture and isolation of microbial agents. The students are expected to be proficient and competent in veterinary diagnostic microbiology at the end of the rotation.
Instructor: C. Thompson
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total hours 43; Cr. 1
The main goal of this rotation is to ensure that each participant is at a level of competency that every graduating senior should have attained. Through a combination of self-study and small group periods in a classroom and by using a multi-headed microscope, a set of core objectives will be explored. These objectives have been chosen as a representation of basic clinical pathology skills that students should have mastered to practice veterinary medicine competently. In addition, an approved journal article or comparable piece of literature will be evaluated and summarized. An objective examination at the end of the rotation will test the student’s knowledge of the objectives.
Instructor: Ramos-Vara
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisites: CPB 88501 Necropsy-Diagnostic Medicine
Advanced training in diagnostic approaches to identification of the causes and pathogenesis of disease in mammals.
Instructor: Lossie
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr 3
Advanced training in avian disease diagnosis and health management in commercial poultry flocks. The student will visit production facilities for layers, broilers, turkeys and ducks. Vaccination and medication programs for these species will be discussed. Necropsy experience will be gained from poultry, game bird and pet bird accessions to the diagnostic lab.
Instructor: C. Thompson
Offered: Spring, Fall
Arranged. Total clinic hours 129; Cr. 3
Prerequisite: CPB 88503 Clinical Pathology I - Diagnostic Medicine
Advanced clinical pathology rotation is designed to take the core skills mastered in CPB 88503 and expand on them. Through daily interaction in the consulting office on clinical cases, students will learn to critically evaluate cytology and hematologic specimens as well as laboratory data. Activities that the student will engage in include the resident’s journal club, weekly clinical pathology rounds and other small group sessions with residents and pathologists. The goal for the rotation is to begin building a broad base of experience to continue building on in the future.
