The Neurology service offers cutting-edge care for animals with neurological conditions. Staffed by a board-certified neurologist and neurosurgeon, as well as residents, the department is equipped to diagnose and treat a wide range of neurological disorders, including epilepsy, intervertebral disc disease, brain and spinal tumors, and neuromuscular disorders. Our integrated approach, combining advanced diagnostic technology with surgical and non-surgical treatment options, ensures each patient receives comprehensive, personalized care.
Common Conditions
Cats and dogs can experience a range of neurological conditions, often similar to those observed in humans. Here are some common neurological conditions that may affect pets:
Disc Disease: When a disc "slips" and compresses the spinal cord causing neck/back pain or even paralysis. Disc disease is treated with either medications or surgery depending on the severity. We offer both options.
Seizures: Seizures can be caused by many different diseases, in both dogs and cats. We perform both the diagnostics necessary to find the cause of seizures (e.g. MRI and spinal tap) and the treatment necessary to control the seizures.
Vestibular Syndrome: A loss of balance that can be secondary to many different conditions, such as ear infections, brain tumors, encephalitis or stroke.
Neuromuscular Diseases: Diseases of the peripheral nerve, muscle, or neuromuscular junction. The most common neuromuscular disease diagnosed in animals is myasthenia gravis. We offer work up (electrodiagnostic testing and muscle/nerve biopsies) and treatment for such conditions.
The appropriate course of treatment for these conditions will depend on the specific disease, its severity, and the overall health of the pet. If a pet owner notices signs of neurological issues, such as changes in behavior, coordination problems, or seizures, schedule an appointment with us as soon as possible.
Common Procedures
We carry out a range of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Here are some common procedures performed:
Hemilaminectomy: the most common surgery to address a "slipped disc" (intervertebral disc disease) or other spinal disorder.
Ventral Slot: Surgery for a "slipped disc" (intervertebral disc disease) in the neck.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Tap (CSF Tap): Taking a sample of spinal fluid to help diagnose a neurological disorder.
Electromyogram (EMG) and nerve conduction velocity testing: EMG and other studies of the electrical functions of nerves and muscles help to diagnose neurological disorders such as myasthenia gravis, polyradiculoneuritis (e.g. "Coonhound paralysis").
The Neurology and Neurosurgery team often relies on advanced diagnostic and therapeutic equipment to manage neurological conditions in animals.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI allows very detailed images to be made of the brain or spinal cord.
Computed Tomography (CT): CT scans allow rapid diagnosis of spinal and, less commonly, brain disorders.
Neurosurgery Operating Rooms: We have two operating rooms (ORs) dedicated to neurosurgery, with a wide variety of instruments for brain and spinal surgery.
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER): BAER is a hearing test used to diagnose deafness in animals. It is most commonly used to help breeders to determine auditory health prior to breeding puppies.
Electromyogram (EMG) and other electrodiagnostics: Our electrodiagnostics machine is capable of many different diagnostic tests: BAER, EMG, motor nerve conduction studies, RNS, F waves, and more.
This specialized equipment is essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of neurological conditions in pets.
Can paralyzed dogs walk again? Yes! Dogs who suddenly become paralyzed in their back legs (or all 4 legs) should be seen by a veterinarian as soon as possible - paralysis is an emergency. With rapid diagnosis and treatment, many dogs who become paralyzed secondary to slipped discs (intervertebral disc disease) can make full recoveries.
My pet has been having seizures. What could be causing this? Seizures can be caused by a variety of conditions. These might include idiopathic epilepsy, brain tumors, metabolic diseases, or even inflammatory conditions (meningitis) that affect the brain. It is important to get your pet evaluated by a veterinarian who can diagnose the cause and suggest an appropriate treatment plan.
Does a diagnosis of a brain tumor mean my pet will need surgery? Not necessarily. The treatment plan for a brain tumor depends on several factors including the type, size, and location of the tumor, and the overall health of your pet. Treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or palliative care to manage symptoms. Each patient is unique and needs a personalized treatment approach.
Remember, these are general answers and individual cases may vary. It's always important to consult with a vet or a specialist for advice tailored to your pet's specific circumstances.
At-Home Tips
Managing pets with neurological disorders or those recovering from neurosurgery, require special care and attention. Here are some general tips to keep in mind:
Follow your vet’s instructions: It's essential to follow all instructions provided by your vet or veterinary neurologist/neurosurgeon. This may include medication schedules, wound care, physical rehabilitation exercises, or other specific care instructions.
Encourage rest: Rest and reduced movement are often essential for recovery, particularly after surgery. This may involve combining confinement of your pet to a crate or a small room to prevent them from running or jumping with controlled physical rehabilitation
Monitor symptoms: Keep a close eye on your pet's behavior, eating and drinking habits, and monitor for any new or worsening symptoms. Note any changes or concerns to share with your vet.
Create a safe environment: If your pet has a condition, such as seizures or vestibular disease, ensure the environment is safe. This might mean padding sharp corners, avoiding stairs, or preventing access to water bodies where they might fall in.
Nutrition and hydration: Ensure your pet is getting proper nutrition and hydration. If your pet is having difficulty eating or drinking due to their condition, consult with your vet for advice. This may involve feeding a soft diet, elevating food and water bowls, or providing smaller, more frequent meals.
Physical rehabilitation and exercise: Depending on the condition, physical rehabilitation exercises might be recommended by your vet to help with recovery. Follow their instructions closely.
Patience and comfort: Pets with neurological conditions may feel stressed or scared due to changes in their abilities or surroundings. Provide comfort, reassurance, and patience to help them through their recovery.
Regular vet check-ups: Regular follow-ups with your vet or neurology specialist are crucial to monitor your pet's progress and adjust treatment plans, as necessary.
Emergency contacts: Always have the contact details of your vet and an emergency animal hospital on hand in case your pet's condition worsens suddenly.
Remember, these are general suggestions and may not be applicable or suitable for all pets with neurological conditions. Always consult with your vet or neurologist/neurosurgeon for guidance tailored to your pet's specific needs.
Clinical trials are used to determine the safety and/or effectiveness of the new healthcare options. A clinical trial is research which tries to answer specific questions about drugs or new therapies in patients. Carefully conducted clinical trials are the fastest and safest way to investigate new ideas and find treatments that work.
Small Animal Physical Rehabilitation Service: most of our patients are recommended to have rehab after diagnosis - especially dogs with Spinal cord disease/surgery.
